Vol. 1 No. 19 (2021): Journal of Leadership and Management
Articles
Published
March 20, 2022
Keywords
- person-environment fit,
- telecommuters,
- telework,
- remote work,
- job satisfaction
- correlation,
- general environment fit scale,
- organizational environment,
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,
- theory of work adjustment ...More
How to Cite
Arroyo, B. (2022). Correlating Person-Environment Fit and the Job Satisfaction of Telecommuters. Journal of Leadership and Management, 1(19). Retrieved from http://www.leadership.net.pl/JLM/article/view/210
Abstract
Job satisfaction has a significant impact on turnover, creativity, work-family life conflict and balance. Person Environment Fit (P-E) fit is defined as the congruence between a worker and his or her organizational environment. There has been an increase in telecommuters, and recently this increase has been exponential due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As such, it’s important to examine telecommuter job satisfaction. The research questions were designed to answer whether correlational relationships exist among job satisfaction of teleworkers and the dimensions of P-E fit. Those were: Is there a relationship between job satisfaction and goal congruence; interpersonal similarity with others; environmental supply of individuals’ needs; individuals’ ability to meet the demands of the environment and individuals’ unique contributions to a setting?
References
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Arredondo-Trapero, A., Villa-Castano, L. E., Vazquez-Para, J. C., and de la Garza-Garcia, J. (2017). “Differences on Self-Perception of Organizational Pride and Loyalty in Millennial & Generation X, Considering Gender and Seniority Variables.” Business and Economic Horizons, 13(2), pp. 270–286. doi:10.15208/beh.2017.20
Bailey, D. E., and Kurland, N. B. (2002). “A Review of Telework Research: Findings, New Directions, and Lessons for the Study of Modern Work.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp. 383–400, doi:10.1002/job.144
Bam, L., de Stobbeleir, K., and Vlok, P. (2019). “Outcomes of Team Creativity: A Person-Environment Fit Perspective.” Management Research Review, 42(6), pp. 760–774, doi:10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0098
Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., and Miller, S. A. (2012). “The General Environment Fit Scale: A Factor Analysis and Test of Convergent Construct Validity.” American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(1-2), pp. 64–76, doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9480-8
Brayfield, A. H., and Rothe, H. F. (1951). “An Index of Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), p. 307.
Bretz, R. D., Jr., and Judge, T. A. (1994). “The Role of Human Resource Systems in Job Applicant Decision Processes.” Journal of Management, 20(3), p. 531, doi: 10.1177/014920639402000301
Byza, O. A. U., Dörr, S. L., Schuh, S. C. and Maier, G. W. (2019). “When Leaders and Followers Match: The Impact of Objective Value Congruence, Value Extremity, and Empowermenton Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), pp. 1097–1112, doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3748-3
Cable, D.M., and DeRue, D. S. (2002). “The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions.” The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), pp. 875–84, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
Caplan, R. D. (1987). “Person-Environment Fit Theory and Organizations: Commensurate Dimensions, Time Perspectives, and Mechanisms.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), pp. 248–267, doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(87)90042-X
Choi, S. (2018). “Managing Flexible Work Arrangements in Government: Testing the Effects of Institutional and Managerial Support.” Public Personnel Management, 47(1), pp. 26–50, doi:10.1177/0
Edwards, J. R. (1996). “An Examination of Competing Versions of the Person-Environment Fit Approach to Stress.” Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), pp. 292–339, doi:10.2307/256782091026017738540
Edwards, J. R., Caplan, R. D., and Harrison, R. V. (1998). Person-Environment Fit Theory: Conceptual Foundations, Empirical Evidence, and Directions for Future Research, in: C. L. Cooper, (ed.). (1998). Theories of Organizational Stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 28–67.
Eva, N., Prajogo, D., and Cooper, B. (2017). “The Relationship Between Personal Values, Organizational Formalization and Employee Work Outcomes of Compliance and Innovation.” International Journal of Manpower, vol. 38(2), pp. 274–287, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2015-0090
Firfiray, S., and Mayo, M. (2017). The Lure of Work-Life Benefits: Perceived Person-Organization Fit As a Mechanism Explaining Job Seeker Attraction to Organizations.” Human Resource Management, 56(4), pp. 629–649, doi:110.1002/hrm.21790
Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., and Delaney, K. K. (2015). “Are Telecommuters Remotely Good Citizens? Unpacking Telecommuting’s Effects on Performance Via I-Deals and Job Resources.” Personnel Psychology, 68(2), pp. 353–393, doi:10.1111/peps.12082
Goldsby, M. G., Kuratko, D. F., and Neck, C. P. (2019). “An Examination of the Effect of Exercise on Stress and Satisfaction for Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Leadership and Management, 1(15), pp. 246–255.
Guenzi, P., Rangarajan, D., Chaker, N. N., and Sajtos, L. (2019). “It Is All In Good Humor? Examining the Impact of Salesperson Evaluations of Leader Humor on Salesperson Job Satisfaction and Job Stress.” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 39(4), pp. 352–369, https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2019.1598267
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., and Kluger, A. N. (1998). “Dispositional Effects on Job and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Core Evaluations.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), pp. 17–34, https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17
Lister, K. (2020). “Work From Home Experience Survey Results.” Retrieved from: https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/global-work-from-home-experience-survey
Makarius, E. E., and Larson, B. Z. (2017). “Changing the Perspective of Virtual Work: Building Virtual Intelligence at the Individual Level.” Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(2), pp. 159–178.
Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C., and Adkins, C. L. (1989). “A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), p. 424.
Munsch, C. L. (2016). “Flexible Work, Flexible Penalties: The Effect of Gender, Childcare, and Type of Request on the Flexibility Bias.” Social Forces, 94(4), pp. 1567–1591, doi: 10.1093/sf/sov122
Munyewende, P. O., Rispel, L. C., and Chirwa, T. (2014). “Positive Practice Environments Influence Job Satisfaction of Primary Health Care Clinic Nursing Managers in two South African Provinces.” Human Resources for Health, 12(1), p. 27.
Narayanan, L., Plaisent, M., and Bernard, P. (2017). “Telecommuting: The Work Anywhere, Anyplace, Anytime Organization in the 21st Century.” Journal of Marketing & Management, 8(2), pp. 47–54. Retrieved from: https://gsmi-ijgb.com/wp-content/uploads/JMM-V8-N2-P04-Lakshmi-Narayanan-Telecommuting.pdf
Niguse, G. T., and Getachew, H. (2019). “The Effect of Reward System on Employee Creativity in Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (Ocssco) Case of Bale Zone Branch.” Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management, 2(1), pp. 1–20, doi: 10.9790/487X-1906022230
Nilles, J. M., (1976). The Telecommunications-Transportation Tradeoff: Options for Tomorrow. New York: Wiley.
O’Neill, T. A., Hambley, L. A., Greidanus, N. S., MacDonnell, R., and Kline, T. J. B. (2009). “Predicting Teleworker Success: An Exploration of Personality, Motivational, Situational, and Job Characteristics.” New Technology, Work and Employment, 24(2), pp. 144–162, doi:10.1111/j.1468-005X.2009.00225.x
Schneider, B., Goldstein, H. W., and Smith, D. B. (1995). “The ASA Framework: An Update.” Personnel Psychology, 48(4), pp. 747–773, doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01780.x
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., and Courtright, S. H. (2011). “Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological and Team Empowerment in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), pp. 981–1003, doi.org/10.1037/a0022676
Shin, Y. (2004). “A Person-Environment Fit Model for Virtual Organizations.” Journal of Management, 30(5), pp. 725–743, doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.03.002
Sousa, C.M.P., and Coelho, F. (2011) “From Personal Values to Creativity : Evidence from Frontline Serviceemployees.” European Journal of Marketing, 45 (7-8), pp. 1029–1050.
Tavares, A. I. (2017). “Telework and Health Effects Review.” International Journal of Healthcare, 3(2), p. 30, doi:10.5430/ijh.v3n2p30
Thompson, R. J., Payne, S. C., and Taylor, A. B. (2015). “Applicant Attraction to Flexible Work Arrangements: Separating the Influence of Flextime and Flexplace.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(4), pp. 726–749. doi:10.1111/joop.12095
Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2018). “Person–Environment Fit: A Review of Its Basic Tenets.” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), pp. 75–101, doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104702
Vecchione, M., Döring, A. K., Alessandri, G., Marsicano, G., and Bardi, A. (2016). “Reciprocal Relations Across Time Between Basic Values and Value-Expressive Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study Among Children.” Social Development, 25(3), pp. 528–547.
Yu, K. Y. T. (2016). “Inter-Relationships Among Different Types of Person-Environment Fit and Job Satisfaction.” Applied Psychology: An International Review, 65(1), pp. 38–65. doi:10.1111/apps.12035
Alrawahi, S., Sellgren, S. F., Altouby, S., Alwahaibi, N., and Brommels, M. (2020). “The Application of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation to Job Satisfaction in Clinical Laboratories in Omani Hospitals.” Heliyon, 6(9), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04829
Arredondo-Trapero, A., Villa-Castano, L. E., Vazquez-Para, J. C., and de la Garza-Garcia, J. (2017). “Differences on Self-Perception of Organizational Pride and Loyalty in Millennial & Generation X, Considering Gender and Seniority Variables.” Business and Economic Horizons, 13(2), pp. 270–286. doi:10.15208/beh.2017.20
Bailey, D. E., and Kurland, N. B. (2002). “A Review of Telework Research: Findings, New Directions, and Lessons for the Study of Modern Work.” Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, pp. 383–400, doi:10.1002/job.144
Bam, L., de Stobbeleir, K., and Vlok, P. (2019). “Outcomes of Team Creativity: A Person-Environment Fit Perspective.” Management Research Review, 42(6), pp. 760–774, doi:10.1108/MRR-02-2018-0098
Beasley, C. R., Jason, L. A., and Miller, S. A. (2012). “The General Environment Fit Scale: A Factor Analysis and Test of Convergent Construct Validity.” American Journal of Community Psychology, 50(1-2), pp. 64–76, doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9480-8
Brayfield, A. H., and Rothe, H. F. (1951). “An Index of Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(5), p. 307.
Bretz, R. D., Jr., and Judge, T. A. (1994). “The Role of Human Resource Systems in Job Applicant Decision Processes.” Journal of Management, 20(3), p. 531, doi: 10.1177/014920639402000301
Byza, O. A. U., Dörr, S. L., Schuh, S. C. and Maier, G. W. (2019). “When Leaders and Followers Match: The Impact of Objective Value Congruence, Value Extremity, and Empowermenton Employee Commitment and Job Satisfaction.” Journal of Business Ethics, 158(4), pp. 1097–1112, doi:10.1007/s10551-017-3748-3
Cable, D.M., and DeRue, D. S. (2002). “The Convergent and Discriminant Validity of Subjective Fit Perceptions.” The Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), pp. 875–84, doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.87.5.875
Caplan, R. D. (1987). “Person-Environment Fit Theory and Organizations: Commensurate Dimensions, Time Perspectives, and Mechanisms.” Journal of Vocational Behavior, 31(3), pp. 248–267, doi: 10.1016/0001-8791(87)90042-X
Choi, S. (2018). “Managing Flexible Work Arrangements in Government: Testing the Effects of Institutional and Managerial Support.” Public Personnel Management, 47(1), pp. 26–50, doi:10.1177/0
Edwards, J. R. (1996). “An Examination of Competing Versions of the Person-Environment Fit Approach to Stress.” Academy of Management Journal, 39(2), pp. 292–339, doi:10.2307/256782091026017738540
Edwards, J. R., Caplan, R. D., and Harrison, R. V. (1998). Person-Environment Fit Theory: Conceptual Foundations, Empirical Evidence, and Directions for Future Research, in: C. L. Cooper, (ed.). (1998). Theories of Organizational Stress. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 28–67.
Eva, N., Prajogo, D., and Cooper, B. (2017). “The Relationship Between Personal Values, Organizational Formalization and Employee Work Outcomes of Compliance and Innovation.” International Journal of Manpower, vol. 38(2), pp. 274–287, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2015-0090
Firfiray, S., and Mayo, M. (2017). The Lure of Work-Life Benefits: Perceived Person-Organization Fit As a Mechanism Explaining Job Seeker Attraction to Organizations.” Human Resource Management, 56(4), pp. 629–649, doi:110.1002/hrm.21790
Gajendran, R. S., Harrison, D. A., and Delaney, K. K. (2015). “Are Telecommuters Remotely Good Citizens? Unpacking Telecommuting’s Effects on Performance Via I-Deals and Job Resources.” Personnel Psychology, 68(2), pp. 353–393, doi:10.1111/peps.12082
Goldsby, M. G., Kuratko, D. F., and Neck, C. P. (2019). “An Examination of the Effect of Exercise on Stress and Satisfaction for Entrepreneurs.” Journal of Leadership and Management, 1(15), pp. 246–255.
Guenzi, P., Rangarajan, D., Chaker, N. N., and Sajtos, L. (2019). “It Is All In Good Humor? Examining the Impact of Salesperson Evaluations of Leader Humor on Salesperson Job Satisfaction and Job Stress.” Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 39(4), pp. 352–369, https://doi.org/10.1080/08853134.2019.1598267
Judge, T. A., Locke, E. A., Durham, C. C., and Kluger, A. N. (1998). “Dispositional Effects on Job and Life Satisfaction: The Role of Core Evaluations.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(1), pp. 17–34, https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.1.17
Lister, K. (2020). “Work From Home Experience Survey Results.” Retrieved from: https://globalworkplaceanalytics.com/global-work-from-home-experience-survey
Makarius, E. E., and Larson, B. Z. (2017). “Changing the Perspective of Virtual Work: Building Virtual Intelligence at the Individual Level.” Academy of Management Perspectives, 31(2), pp. 159–178.
Meglino, B. M., Ravlin, E. C., and Adkins, C. L. (1989). “A Work Values Approach to Corporate Culture: A Field Test of the Value Congruence Process and Its Relationship to Individual Outcomes.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(3), p. 424.
Munsch, C. L. (2016). “Flexible Work, Flexible Penalties: The Effect of Gender, Childcare, and Type of Request on the Flexibility Bias.” Social Forces, 94(4), pp. 1567–1591, doi: 10.1093/sf/sov122
Munyewende, P. O., Rispel, L. C., and Chirwa, T. (2014). “Positive Practice Environments Influence Job Satisfaction of Primary Health Care Clinic Nursing Managers in two South African Provinces.” Human Resources for Health, 12(1), p. 27.
Narayanan, L., Plaisent, M., and Bernard, P. (2017). “Telecommuting: The Work Anywhere, Anyplace, Anytime Organization in the 21st Century.” Journal of Marketing & Management, 8(2), pp. 47–54. Retrieved from: https://gsmi-ijgb.com/wp-content/uploads/JMM-V8-N2-P04-Lakshmi-Narayanan-Telecommuting.pdf
Niguse, G. T., and Getachew, H. (2019). “The Effect of Reward System on Employee Creativity in Oromia Credit and Saving Share Company (Ocssco) Case of Bale Zone Branch.” Journal of Higher Education Service Science and Management, 2(1), pp. 1–20, doi: 10.9790/487X-1906022230
Nilles, J. M., (1976). The Telecommunications-Transportation Tradeoff: Options for Tomorrow. New York: Wiley.
O’Neill, T. A., Hambley, L. A., Greidanus, N. S., MacDonnell, R., and Kline, T. J. B. (2009). “Predicting Teleworker Success: An Exploration of Personality, Motivational, Situational, and Job Characteristics.” New Technology, Work and Employment, 24(2), pp. 144–162, doi:10.1111/j.1468-005X.2009.00225.x
Schneider, B., Goldstein, H. W., and Smith, D. B. (1995). “The ASA Framework: An Update.” Personnel Psychology, 48(4), pp. 747–773, doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01780.x
Seibert, S. E., Wang, G., and Courtright, S. H. (2011). “Antecedents and Consequences of Psychological and Team Empowerment in Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Review.” Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(5), pp. 981–1003, doi.org/10.1037/a0022676
Shin, Y. (2004). “A Person-Environment Fit Model for Virtual Organizations.” Journal of Management, 30(5), pp. 725–743, doi:10.1016/j.jm.2004.03.002
Sousa, C.M.P., and Coelho, F. (2011) “From Personal Values to Creativity : Evidence from Frontline Serviceemployees.” European Journal of Marketing, 45 (7-8), pp. 1029–1050.
Tavares, A. I. (2017). “Telework and Health Effects Review.” International Journal of Healthcare, 3(2), p. 30, doi:10.5430/ijh.v3n2p30
Thompson, R. J., Payne, S. C., and Taylor, A. B. (2015). “Applicant Attraction to Flexible Work Arrangements: Separating the Influence of Flextime and Flexplace.” Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 88(4), pp. 726–749. doi:10.1111/joop.12095
Van Vianen, A. E. M. (2018). “Person–Environment Fit: A Review of Its Basic Tenets.” Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5(1), pp. 75–101, doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104702
Vecchione, M., Döring, A. K., Alessandri, G., Marsicano, G., and Bardi, A. (2016). “Reciprocal Relations Across Time Between Basic Values and Value-Expressive Behaviors: A Longitudinal Study Among Children.” Social Development, 25(3), pp. 528–547.
Yu, K. Y. T. (2016). “Inter-Relationships Among Different Types of Person-Environment Fit and Job Satisfaction.” Applied Psychology: An International Review, 65(1), pp. 38–65. doi:10.1111/apps.12035